The S-500 “Prometheus” is Russia’s newest-generation surface-to-air missile system, designed to intercept a wide range of advanced threats, including intercontinental ballistic missiles, hypersonic weapons, and stealth aircraft like the F-35.

With a reported range of up to 600 km and the ability to hit targets in near-space, the S-500 forms the upper tier of Russia’s integrated air defense network, operating alongside the S-400 and S-300.

While its full capabilities remain unproven in combat and are subject to Russian hype, the system represents a significant advancement in air and missile defense technology, posing a formidable challenge to Western air power.

S-500 ‘Prometheus’: A Look at Russia’s ‘F-35 & B-2 Killer’ Air Defense System

The S-500 “Prometheus” (Russian name Triumfator-M) is the newest generation of Russian surface-to-air missile system. The system is described as an advanced version of the S-400 that is tasked with intercepting intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and Airborne Early Warning and Control and jamming aircraft.

In addition, Russian sources also claim that the S-500 is capable of downing stealth aircraft such as the F-35 and B-2 bomber, which, if true, would make it one of the most capable air defense systems currently in use.

Design and Development of the S-500

The development of the S-500 began in the early 2010s as part of Russia’s broader initiative to modernize its air defense capabilities.

The goal was to create a system capable of intercepting next-generation threats, including hypersonic glide vehicles and ICBMs. Although initial plans aimed for deployment by 2014, delays pushed the first operational deployment to 2021, with full-scale production and broader deployment continuing into the mid-2020s.

In terms of technical specifications, the S-500 boasts an operational range of up to 600 kilometers for air targets and can intercept threats at altitudes reaching 200 kilometers, extending into near-space. Its interceptors are capable of engaging targets flying at speeds of up to Mach 20. The system employs a variety of missiles, including the 77N6-N and 77N6-N1 for anti-ballistic roles, and the 40N6M for long-range surface-to-air engagements.

These are supported by a sophisticated radar suite that includes the 91N6A(M) acquisition radar, the 96L6-TsP target tracking radar, and the 76T6 and 77T6 engagement radars, all of which provide 360-degree coverage and can track multiple ballistic targets simultaneously.

One of the defining features of the S-500 is its multi-layered defense capability. It is designed to operate in conjunction with other systems like the S-400, S-300, and the A-235 Nudol, forming a comprehensive, multi-tiered defense network.

This integration allows it to fill the gap between tactical air defense and strategic missile defense. Another standout capability is its supposed ability to intercept hypersonic weapons, which travel at speeds greater than Mach 5 and are notoriously difficult to track and destroy (take this claim with a grain of salt). Additionally, the S-500 is reportedly capable of neutralizing satellites in low Earth orbit, giving it a space warfare dimension that few other systems possess.
Can the S-500 Shoot Down Stealth Fighters?

Additionally, Russia claims that the S-500 is capable of detecting and downing stealth systems like the F-35 or B-2 bomber. This is certainly a bold claim but not one what is entirely outside the realm of possibility.

While the stealth systems on the F-35 and B-2 are sophisticated, they are not the be-all end-all that everyone thinks. Case and point, according to an article by The War Zone in May 2025, the Yemeni Houthis were able to detect and fire a surface-to-air missile at an F-35 during Operation Rough Rider.

While the fighter was not hit and safely returned to base, the Houthis, with their outdated air defense were able to shoot at it.

Imagine the Houthis but with much more sophisticated radars and with longer range missiles that are speedier and more accurate. This provides a slight approximation of what the S-500 is capable of. While it has not yet had the chance to prove itself against stealth targets, the S-500 still poses a real and tangible threat to NATO air power.

Integration into the Russian Missile Defense Infrastructure

The first S-500 unit entered service with the Russian Aerospace Forces in October 2021, stationed around Moscow to protect critical infrastructure and command centers. As of 2025, deployment is expanding to other strategic regions, with plans to integrate it into Russia’s national missile defense shield.

This deployment enhances Russia’s ability to deter and defend against high-end threats, including NATO aircraft, U.S. hypersonic missiles, and ballistic missile attacks. The system’s deployment also signals a shift toward space-integrated defense systems, reflecting the evolving nature of modern warfare.

While no confirmed exports have occurred, countries like India and China have expressed interest in acquiring the S-500. However, due to its strategic value, Russia may limit its availability to foreign buyers. The estimated cost per unit ranges between $700 million and $2.5 billion, depending on configuration. Despite its capabilities, the system faces production challenges, including sanctions and labor shortages, which have reportedly slowed its rollout.

Nevertheless, Russia continues to prioritize the system’s development and deployment.

One of the Best Air Defense Systems in the World?

Against advanced western air defense systems the S-500 still stands out. For instance, the U.S. THAAD system has a maximum range of around 200 kilometers and is not designed to intercept hypersonic threats.

The Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense system, while capable of intercepting some space-based threats, lacks the mobility and integrated radar sophistication of the S-500. The S-400, although highly capable, does not match the S-500’s range, altitude, or versatility. Again, the S-500 has yet to be fully tested, but at least on paper its capabilities surpass its competition.

Currently, Russia plans to integrate the S-500 with the upcoming S-550 system, which is expected to focus more on space-based threats. Together, these systems will form the backbone of Russia’s next-generation aerospace defense network.

A naval variant of the S-500 is also under consideration for deployment on future warships, potentially extending its reach to maritime domains and enhancing Russia’s blue-water defense capabilities.

Source: Websites